Major Earthquake in Kumamoto: What Foreigners Need to Know

On a recent afternoon, Kumamoto Prefecture experienced one of Japan's most powerful earthquakes in recent memory. A magnitude 7.1 quake struck at 4:27 p.m., reaching the maximum level 7 on Japan's intensity scale—the strongest since the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake. If you're living in or planning to visit Japan, understanding how earthquakes work here and what to do when one strikes is essential knowledge that could keep you and those around you safe.

Understanding What Happened

The earthquake that hit Kumamoto was particularly significant for several reasons. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) measured it at magnitude 7.1, which places it among the strongest earthquakes Japan experiences. More importantly, it registered a maximum 7 on Japan's seismic intensity scale—a different measurement from magnitude that specifically measures how much shaking people actually feel on the ground.

The shallow depth of this earthquake made the shaking especially intense across the region. When earthquakes originate closer to the surface, their energy reaches populated areas with greater force. This shallow depth also means residents face an increased risk of additional seismic activity over the following days and weeks, with experts warning that the next two to three days are particularly critical.

While authorities initially issued a tsunami advisory due to the earthquake's strength, it was lifted by 6:10 p.m. after monitoring confirmed no significant coastal threat. However, numerous strong aftershocks followed the main quake, with some reaching lower 5 on the intensity scale—powerful enough to be felt clearly and cause concern, though typically less damaging than the initial quake.

What the Intensity Scale Means

Japan's seismic intensity scale can confuse foreigners because it differs from the magnitude scale you might be familiar with. Here's the practical breakdown:

• Level 4 and below: Most people notice shaking; objects may shake or tip over, but serious damage is rare

• Level 5 (lower and upper): People struggle to move; furniture shifts significantly; some structural damage may occur

• Level 6 and 7: Severe shaking that throws people down; buildings can collapse or suffer major structural damage

The Kumamoto earthquake's level 7 intensity means residents experienced extremely violent shaking with significant potential for building damage and danger from falling objects and structural failure.

Safety Steps for Foreigners During and After Earthquakes

If you're in Japan when an earthquake strikes, your immediate response is critical:

During the earthquake:

• Drop to the ground immediately, take cover under a sturdy table or desk, and hold on

• Stay away from windows, mirrors, and heavy objects that could fall

• If outdoors, move away from buildings, power lines, and steep slopes

• If driving, safely pull over and stay in your vehicle with seatbelt fastened

• Never use elevators—use stairs instead

After the earthquake stops:

• Check yourself and others for injuries

• Assess your immediate surroundings for hazards like broken glass or gas leaks

• Only use your phone for emergencies to keep networks clear

• Follow instructions from local authorities and emergency broadcasts

• Prepare for aftershocks, which can be nearly as powerful as the initial quake

In the hours and days following:

• Avoid damaged buildings and areas marked as unsafe

• Stay alert for additional seismic activity, especially in the critical 2-3 day window

• Keep emergency supplies accessible (water, food, first aid, flashlight, battery-powered radio)

• Monitor official JMA announcements and local news for updates

Preparing for Earthquakes: A Foreigner's Checklist

Since earthquakes are a regular part of life in Japan, preparation is your best defense:

• Learn the basics: Understand "drop, cover, hold on" and practice it

• Know your location: Identify safe spots in your home, workplace, and frequently visited areas

• Stock emergency supplies: Keep at least three days' worth of water (one liter per person per day), non-perishable food, medications, important documents, and a flashlight

• Practice the language: Learn key earthquake-related phrases in Japanese to understand announcements

• Download safety apps: Apps like the JMA earthquake early warning app can alert you seconds before shaking begins

• Register with your embassy: Many embassies maintain contact lists to check on citizens after major disasters

Understanding Japan's Earthquake Culture

Japan's approach to earthquake preparedness is world-class because the country experiences frequent seismic activity. Schools conduct regular earthquake drills, buildings are constructed to withstand powerful quakes, and the JMA issues early warnings that can provide crucial seconds of advance notice. As a foreigner, you're entering a society that takes these events seriously and has developed systems specifically designed to protect people.

Practical Takeaway

Earthquakes in Japan aren't a matter of if but when. The Kumamoto earthquake serves as an important reminder to stay prepared, stay informed, and know how to react. Whether you're a long-term resident or a short-term visitor, taking time to understand earthquake safety could make the difference between a scary but manageable situation and a dangerous one. Keep emergency supplies accessible, learn the local alert systems, and don't hesitate to ask Japanese colleagues or neighbors about safety procedures in your specific area.

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